Kuva amakamyo y’umuriro yatangira mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishize, nyuma yo gukomeza gutera imbere no gutera imbere, bahise bahinduka imbaraga nyamukuru z'imirimo yo gukingira umuriro, kandi bahinduye rwose isura y'abantu barwanya umuriro.
Hariho amakamyo akururwa n'amafarashi hashize imyaka 500
Mu 1666, inkongi y'umuriro yabereye i Londere mu Bwongereza.Umuriro watwitse iminsi 4 usenya amazu 1300 harimo na kiliziya izwi cyane ya Mutagatifu Pawulo.Abantu batangiye kwita kubikorwa byo kurinda umuriro muri uyu mujyi.Bidatinze, Abongereza bavumbuye ikamyo ya mbere y’amazi ikoreshwa n’amaboko ku isi, kandi bakoresha hose kugira ngo bazimye umuriro.
Muri revolution yinganda, pompe zikoreshwa mukurinda umuriro
Mugihe cy'impinduramatwara mu Bwongereza, Watt yateje imbere moteri.Bidatinze, moteri ya parike nayo yakoreshejwe mu kuzimya umuriro.Moteri ikoreshwa na moteri yumuriro yagaragaye i Londres mu 1829. Ubwoko bwimodoka iracyakururwa namafarasi.Inyuma hari imashini ikoresha amakara yaka umuriro ikoreshwa na moteri ya moteri ya moteri-10-ya moteri hamwe na moteri yoroshye.pompe y'amazi.
Mu 1835, New York yashinze brigade ya mbere y’umwuga ku isi, yaje kwitwa “Polisi ishinzwe kuzimya umuriro” kandi ishyirwa mu rutonde rw’abapolisi bo mu mujyi.Ikamyo ya mbere ikoreshwa n’umuriro muri Amerika yubatswe mu 1841 n’umwongereza Pol R. Hogu, wabaga i New York.Irashobora gutera amazi hejuru yinzu yumujyi wa New York.Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, moteri y’umuriro wa moteri yari imaze kumenyekana mu Burengerazuba.
Moteri ya mbere yumuriro ntabwo yari nziza nkimodoka ikururwa nifarashi
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, haje ibinyabiziga bigezweho, moteri y’umuriro yahise ifata moteri yo gutwika imbere nk'imbaraga zo gukurura, ariko iracyakoresha pompe y'amazi ikoreshwa na pompe nka pompe y'amazi.
Mu imurikagurisha ntangarugero ryabereye i Versailles mu Bufaransa, mu 1898, isosiyete ya Gambier i Lille mu Bufaransa, yerekanye imodoka ya mbere irwanya umuriro ku isi, nubwo yaba iyambere kandi idatunganye.
Mu 1901, ikamyo y’umuriro yakozwe na Royal Caledi Company i Liverpool mu Bwongereza, yemejwe na Brigade ishinzwe kuzimya umuriro mu mujyi wa Liverpool.Muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, ikamyo y’umuriro yoherejwe bwa mbere mu butumwa.
Mu 1930, abantu bita amakamyo yumuriro "amakamyo ya buji".Muri kiriya gihe, "imodoka ya buji yumuriro" ntabwo yari ifite ikigega cyamazi, gusa imiyoboro mike yamazi yuburebure butandukanye nintambwe.Igishimishije, icyo gihe abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bose bari bahagaze ku modoka umurongo ufashe intoki.
Mu myaka ya za 1920, amakamyo yumuriro yakoraga rwose kuri moteri yaka umuriro yatangiye kugaragara.Muri iki gihe, imiterere yamakamyo y’umuriro yari yoroshye, kandi inyinshi muri zo zari zujujwe kuri chassis yamakamyo yari asanzwe.Ikamyo y'amazi hamwe n'ikigega cy'amazi cyashyizwe ku gikamyo.Hanze yimodoka yamanitsweho urwego rwumuriro, amashoka yumuriro, amatara adashobora guturika, hamwe n’amazu y’umuriro.
Nyuma yimyaka irenga 100 yiterambere, amakamyo yumuriro yumunsi yabaye "umuryango munini" harimo ibyiciro bitandukanye nurwego rutangaje rwikoranabuhanga.
Ikamyo yo kuzimya ikigega cyamazi iracyari imodoka ikoreshwa cyane mu kuzimya umuriro kuri brigade.Usibye kuba ifite pompe n’umuriro n’ibikoresho, iyi modoka ifite kandi ibigega binini byo kubika amazi, imbunda z’amazi, ibisasu by’amazi, n’ibindi, bishobora gutwara amazi n’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro aho bazimya kugira ngo bazimye umuriro.Birakwiye kurwanya umuriro rusange.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bizimya umuriro wimiti kugirango bazimye umuriro udasanzwe aho kuba amazi nimpinduramatwara muburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro mumyaka ibihumbi.Mu 1915, Isosiyete y’igihugu ya Foam yo muri Amerika yahimbye ifu ya mbere y’ifu ya kabiri y’umuriro uzimya ifu ikozwe muri aluminium sulfate na sodium bicarbonate.Bidatinze, ibi bikoresho bishya bizimya umuriro byakoreshejwe no mu gikamyo.
Irashobora gutera vuba ubwinshi bwimyuka yo mu kirere yagutse inshuro 400-1000 zifuro kugirango itandukane hejuru yikintu cyatwitswe nikirere, cyane cyane kibereye kurwanya umuriro wamavuta nkamavuta nibicuruzwa byayo.
Irashobora kuzimya amazi yaka kandi yaka, umuriro wa gaze yaka, umuriro wibikoresho bizima, numuriro wibintu rusange.Ku miyoboro minini y’imiyoboro y’imiti, ingaruka zo kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro ni ingenzi cyane, kandi ni ikamyo ihagaze ku nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli.
Hamwe niterambere ryurwego rwinyubako zigezweho, hariho inyubako ndende nini cyane kandi ndende kandi ndende, kandi ikamyo yumuriro nayo yarahindutse, kandi ikamyo yumuriro wurwego yagaragaye.Urwego rwinzego nyinshi ku gikamyo cy’umuriro rushobora kohereza mu buryo butaziguye abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro ku nyubako ndende ku nyubako ndende yo gutabara ibiza ku gihe, kandi irashobora gutabara abantu bababaye bafatiwe mu muriro ku gihe, ibyo bikaba byongera cyane ubushobozi bwa kurwanya umuriro no gutabara ibiza.
Muri iki gihe, amakamyo azimya umuriro yarushijeho kuba umwihariko.Kurugero, amakamyo yumuriro wa karubone akoreshwa cyane mukurwanya inkongi yumuriro nkibikoresho byagaciro, ibikoresho byuzuye, ibisigisigi by’umuco n’ibitabo hamwe n’ububiko;amakamyo yo gutabara ikibuga cyindege yitangiye gutabara no gutabara inkongi zindege.Abakozi bo mu bwato;amakamyo azimya umuriro atanga amatara yo kurwanya umuriro nijoro no gutabara;amakamyo yumuriro yumwotsi arakenewe cyane cyane mugukoresha mukurwanya inkongi zubutaka nububiko, nibindi.
Amakamyo azimya ingufu ningenzi mubikoresho bya tekinike yo kuzimya umuriro, kandi iterambere ryayo niterambere ryikoranabuhanga bifitanye isano rya bugufi niterambere ryubwubatsi bwigihugu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-24-2022