Ubu ku isoko hari amakamyo menshi kandi menshi yumuriro, chassis nigice cyingenzi cyikamyo yumuriro, bityo chassis nziza ni ngombwa cyane.Mugihe duhisemo, turashobora kugereranya no gusesengura ibintu bikurikira kugirango duhitemo igikamyo gikwiye.
1. Igice cya power ya Chassis
1. Guhitamo ubwoko bwingufu
Imbaraga zibinyabiziga zirimo moteri ya mazutu, moteri ya lisansi, moteri yamashanyarazi (harimo nizindi mbaraga nshya) nibindi.Bitewe ningaruka ziterwa nubuzima bwa bateri, moteri yamashanyarazi ntabwo yakoreshejwe cyane mumamodoka yumuriro (cyane cyane amakamyo yumuriro atwara ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro mwinshi cyane), ariko ntibibujijwe ko azamenyekana kandi agakoreshwa mumurima yamakamyo yumuriro hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga mugihe cya vuba.
Kuri iki cyiciro, amashanyarazi ya chassis yumuriro wumuriro aracyari moteri ya lisansi gakondo na moteri ya mazutu.Akenshi hariho itandukaniro ryibitekerezo niba ikamyo yumuriro igomba guhitamo moteri ya lisansi cyangwa moteri ya mazutu.Njye mbona, dukwiye gufata icyemezo dushingiye kumikoreshereze itandukanye ya moteri ya lisansi na moteri ya mazutu, dukurikije intego, imikoreshereze, kubungabunga no gucunga amakamyo atandukanye yumuriro, hamwe nibyiza nibibi.
Mbere ya byose, iyo ingufu zose zisabwa n'ikamyo yumuriro gutwara no gutwara ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro ari nini, ntagushidikanya ko hagomba gutoranywa moteri ya mazutu, nkikamyo yumuriro ikoresha moteri ya chassis kugirango igendere hagati kandi pompe ziremereye cyane, amashanyarazi menshi, hamwe na sisitemu nini ya hydraulic.Cyangwa amakamyo azimya umuriro hamwe nubunini rusange akoresha moteri ya mazutu, nkamakamyo yumuriro afite uburemere burenga toni 10.
Amakamyo azimya umuriro afite uburemere buke, nkabafite uburemere butarenze toni 5, barashobora gukoresha moteri ya lisansi.Usibye gutwara amakamyo azimya umuriro, moteri ntago itwara ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro, cyangwa mugihe utwaye ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro bifite ingufu nke cyane, moteri ya lisansi irashobora gukoreshwa, nk'amakamyo agenzura umuriro, amakamyo azimya umuriro, amakamyo azimya umuriro, hamwe n’umuriro w’abaturage amakamyo.
Moteri ya Diesel ifite urukurikirane rwibyiza: gukwirakwiza ingufu nini, umuriro mwinshi, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bike (hamwe namashanyarazi make ahuye), no kutumva neza.
Ibinyuranye na byo, moteri ya lisansi mubisanzwe ifite imikorere yihuta, ikwiranye cyane cyane namakamyo mato mato mato mato asaba igisubizo cyihuse kubyoherejwe bwa mbere.Byongeye kandi, ugereranije na moteri ya mazutu yimuka imwe, ingufu zisohoka kuri kilowatt ziroroshye kurenza uburemere, ariko hariho ibikoresho byinshi byamashanyarazi, kubungabunga bigoye, kandi byunvikana no gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Kubwibyo, byombi bifite agaciro kabyo kandi birashobora gutoranywa ukurikije ibikenewe nyabyo.
2. Guhitamo moteri yagereranijwe nimbaraga n'umuvuduko
Nka moteri yumuriro, hagomba kubaho intera ukurikije umuvuduko nimbaraga.Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwimyaka mu gukora, kugerageza no gukoresha amakamyo y’umuriro, hamwe n’ibyifuzo by’abanyamahanga ba kera, birasabwa ko iyo pompe y’amazi ikora mu bihe byagenwe, ingufu zikururwa na moteri zigera kuri 70% imbaraga ntarengwa kuri uyu muvuduko ku biranga hanze ya moteri;Mugihe cyimikorere ikora, umuvuduko wa moteri yakoreshejwe ntushobora kurenga 75-80% yumuvuduko wagenwe wa moteri.
Mugihe uhisemo moteri ya chassis, imbaraga zihariye zamakamyo yumuriro nazo zigomba gutekerezwa.
Imbaraga za moteri nazo zijyanye numuvuduko wo hejuru nigihe cyo kwihuta cya chassis, byose bitangwa nabatanga chassis.
Icya kabiri, guhitamo misa yose ya chassis
Iyo uhisemo misa yose ya chassis, iba ishingiye ahanini kumuzigo wikamyo yumuriro.Hashingiwe ko chassis iremereye kandi misa irangana, chassis ifite uburemere buke bwa curb ihabwa umwanya wambere.By'umwihariko, ikamyo ishinzwe kuzimya tank ifite amazi menshi, kandi ubwinshi bwimodoka hafi ya hafi ya misa yemerewe na chassis.Ntiwibagirwe uburemere bwibikoresho nibikoresho mugihe ubara.
3. Guhitamo ibiziga bya Chassis
1. Ikiziga cyimodoka gifitanye isano nu mutwaro wa axle
Birasabwa ko umutwaro wikamyo yikamyo yumuriro utagomba kurenza umutwaro ntarengwa wemewe n’uruganda rwa chassis, kandi ikigereranyo cyo kugabura imitwaro yikamyo yikamyo yumuriro kigomba kuba gihuye nigipimo cyo kugabura imitwaro yagenwe na chassis. .
Muburyo nyabwo bwibicuruzwa, usibye guhindura mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro inteko zinyuranye zumubiri wo hejuru kugirango dushake gukwirakwiza neza umutwaro wumutambiko, guhitamo gushyira mu gaciro ibiziga bya chassis ningirakamaro muburyo bwo gushyira mu gaciro imitwaro ikwirakwizwa.Iyo ubwinshi bwikamyo yumuriro hamwe nu mwanya wa centre ya misa byagenwe, umutwaro wa axe ya buri axe urashobora kugabanwa gusa muburyo bwimodoka.
2. Ikiziga cyimodoka gifitanye isano nubunini bwikinyabiziga
Usibye kwemeza ingingo zijyanye n'umutwaro wa axle, guhitamo ibiziga bigomba no kuzirikana imiterere yimikorere yumubiri hamwe nubunini bwikamyo yumuriro.Uburebure bwikinyabiziga cyose bufitanye isano rya bugufi.Uburebure bwikinyabiziga cyose bugizwe nibice byinshi nko guhagarikwa imbere, ibiziga byo hagati no guhagarika inyuma.Ihagarikwa ryimbere rigenwa ahanini na chassis (usibye imbunda yimbere, igikurura cyikurura, gusunika amasuka nibindi bikoresho byimodoka ipakira), hejuru yinyuma ndende ntigomba kurenga 3500mm, kandi igomba kuba munsi ya 65% ya uruziga.
Icya kane, guhitamo chassis cab
Kugeza ubu, mu gihugu cyanjye hari abantu 9 mu itsinda rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro, barimo umusirikare umwe w'ikimenyetso, umuyobozi umwe n'umushoferi umwe.Mubihe bisanzwe, ikamyo ya mbere yoherejwe igomba kuba ifite icyumba cyabakozi.Iyo kabari yabashoferi hamwe nabakozi babakozi bahujwe hamwe, byitwa "cab cab", naho izindi modoka zifite kabisi zihuye bitewe numubare nyawo wabakoresha ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro.
Amakamyo yo mu rugo yose yahinduwe avuye muri chassis yikamyo.Ubwoko nuburyo bwibice byabakozi bigereranijwe nkibi bikurikira:
1. Chassis ije ifite umwimerere wimyanya ibiri yintebe, ishobora gutwara abantu bagera kuri 6.
2. Remodel mugukata no kurambura inyuma yumwimerere wumurongo umwe cyangwa umurongo umwe wa kabi.Ubu bwoko bwabakozi babakozi babarirwa kuri benshi, ariko urwego rwo guhindura nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa ntibingana.Umutekano no kwizerwa bigomba kurushaho kunozwa.
3. Kora icyumba cyabakozi gitandukanye imbere yumubiri, kizwi kandi nkigice cyigenga cyigenga.
Kuri iki cyiciro, ntabwo ibicuruzwa byinshi byicara kabiri byamakamyo, kandi amahitamo ntabwo akomeye.Ubwiza nubukorikori bwa kabili-yumurongo wa kabisi yatumijwe mu mahanga ni hejuru cyane, kandi urwego rusange rwumurongo wimirongo ibiri ya cab ya chassis yo murugo rugomba kurushaho kunozwa.
Hashingiwe ko nta bisabwa bidasanzwe, birasabwa guhitamo umwimerere wa kabiri-umurongo wa cab ya chassis.
Iyo uhisemo chassis ,.birashoboka y'ikinyabiziga nacyo kigomba gusuzumwa, nk'uruziga rw'imodoka, uruziga rw'ibinyabiziga, inguni yegereye, inguni irengana, radiyo ntoya ihindagurika, n'ibindi.Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza imirimo imwe, hagomba gutoranywa chassis ifite ibiziga bigufi kugira ngo igere ku muvuduko wihuse kandi ihure n’imihindagurikire y’imirwano y’abaturage bo mu cyaro, imigi ya kera, imidugudu yo mu mijyi n’utundi turere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-11-2022